And so we end the month on the
fun note of witches. Fun? True, for
centuries wise women, later known as witches, were persecuted and indeed killed
due to their knowledge of herbs and medicines even in countries without
Christianity. Once the Christian church got going it became almost a mania In
Europe, the panic over witchcraft was supported by the Malleus Maleficarum,
published in 1487 by Heinrich Kramer, a German Catholic clergyman. It taught
the persecution of witches and was greatly promoted by the new technology of
the printing press. It saw 29 printings before 1669, second only to the Bible.
The book says that three elements are necessary for witchcraft. These are the
evil intentions of the witch, the help of the Devil, and the permission of God.
In the mid 1600’s the wave of
witch burnings in England (and Europe) were dying down while the rise in witch
hunting escalated dramatically in colonial America. Arthur Miller’s “The
Crucible” is a remarkable play on the story and a recent book by Stacy Schiff “the
Witches Salem, 1692” is a great documentary on how the whole story rolled out.
It appears that the fear of witch craft was rampant from the beginning of the
British settlements. Cotton Mather the highly influential pastor of New England
wrote about a witch in 1689 and was very involved in the Salem Witch Hunts.
Puritanism at its height and a deplorable representation of what religion can
do to people’s common sense.
While some men were accused of
witch craft it was most often women who were accused and killed. An analysis of
the data appears to give strong evidence that often the underlying reasons were
not so much out of fear but out of economics!
“Heather Marsh has tied the
persecution of witches to the fight of church and industry to control "the
power of life and death" at a time when industry needed more workers. She
also argues the persecution of witches was a fight for centralized power over
the peasant rebellions and the ownership of knowledge by medicine and science
which forbade the earlier teaching or practices by women and indigenous
cultures. She writes that the persecution of witches has colored misogyny since
the 1400s. Silvia Federici tied the witch hunts to a history of the female body
in the transition to capitalism.” (Wikipedia)
The 20th century has
found ways to make witches more charming however. “Bewitched” debuted in 1964
and what little girl didn’t twitch her nose to make magic happen? “Charmed”
debuted in 1998 and quickly became popular. “Practical Magic” by Alice Hoffmann
was turned into the highly successful film with Sandra Bullock and Nicole
Kidman. And most famous of all J.K. Rowling created the Harry Potter series
which started a whole generation of adults as well as children to become in
love with magic. There is a dark side to witches but these days the art of
Wicca and white magic is what makes witching fun.
I think every little girl in
America and Canada has been a witch at least once on Halloween – if they haven’t,
how terribly sad!
So I end Women’s Legacy theme
with the thought that whoever or whatever women might be one thing we all have
somewhere in our souls is a little bit of magic.
“I think the best role models for women are people who are fruitfully
and confidently themselves,
who bring light into the
world." —Meryl Streep